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http://www.worldvision.org.uk/server.php?show=nav.1516
Uganda: child abuse rampant
Uganda: child abuse rampant
The results of a World Vision HIV and AIDS survey have revealed rampant child sexual abuse in Uganda and have been presented to the country’s government.
World Vision shared information with the Uganda government’s departments of Probation and Social Welfare, Education, Gender and Community Development, Police for child protection, Health Services and with other NGOs such as One World Uganda.
Although findings revealed that World Vision’s ‘Channels of Hope’ and Community Care Coalitions models proved to be effective in transforming people’s attitudes towards those affected by HIV and AIDS, sexual abuse is the biggest problem facing children in Kiboga district, in the central province of Uganda, where the survey was conducted.
According to the survey, sexual coercion was found to be a prominent factor in children’s initiation of sexual intercourse. The findings revealed that although girls were significantly more likely to report their first sexual encounter as ‘coerced’, significant proportions of boys experienced sexual abuse as well.
World Vision Katwe Area Development Programme Manager, Martin Okello, said that the assessment sampled 511 households and more than 2,000 girls and boys aged between 10-17 were interviewed. At the baseline study, 60 percent of girls aged 10-17 were sexually abused and after World Vision’s awareness intervention, this was reduced to 53 percent. Some 13 percent of boys aged 10-17 were sexually abused, with the number remaining the same after awareness intervention.
At the national level, according to statistics from African Network for Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (ANPPCAN), child sexual abuse is the most common form of abuse in Uganda and is on the increase.
“Sexual abuse is unacceptably increasing in Uganda. In 2006 alone, Uganda Police recorded 5,693 cases of defilement. This is alarmingly high considering that most sexual abuse cases are never reported,” said Topher Mugumya, Programme Officer at ANNPPCAN.
“We have on our hands children with ruptured sexual organs, STIs including HIV and AIDS, children begetting children, children with low self-esteem and innumerable school dropouts,” Topher continued.
Statistics in Kiboga district indicate that the HIV infection rate in Katwe Sub County, where the survey was carried out, is at 17 percent compared to the national rate of 6.7 percent, according to the Uganda Ministry of Health.
World Vision’s HIV and AIDS Team Leader, Jenninah Kabiswa, said that child sexual abuse, as the biggest problem to children everywhere in Uganda, is not being properly addressed by the relevant Uganda line ministries and national and international agencies operating in the country.
World Vision is in the process of modifying its HIV prevention model to go beyond training children to become peer educators. It also aims to include positive parenting, and empower communities to carry out advocacy against issues such as child sexual abuse.
“We are trying to get as many players as we can on board to take up the issues with people in governments and schools so that we come up with approaches to curb the sexual abuse that is crippling the future of very many children,” said Jenninah.
3 August 2007
Wednesday, 20 April 2011
http://www.vinyl-banners.co.uk/billboard_poster_sizes.htm
Standard Billboard Poster Sizes | |
| 4 Sheet |  |
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| 12 Sheet |  |
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http://www.ehow.com/how_16618_advertise-billboard.html
How to Advertise on a Billboard
Billboard advertising is a high-impact way of getting your advertising message across. It's also one of the most cost-effective ways to make sure everyone knows you mean business.
- Difficulty:
- Moderate
Instructions
- 1Consider carefully whether this will be money well spent. The initial cash outlay for outdoor advertising varies according to the market, but is more expensive than many other advertising methods. However, given the fact that thousands of people per day may be exposed to your message, billboards are very cost-effective.
- 2Decide who you want to reach with your advertising message and select the appropriate size billboard. Take into consideration the cost of various sizes of billboards. If your company has a physical location, use a smaller sign to direct traffic to your place of business.
- 3Check out billboard sizes: Typical billboards are 14 by 48 feet, 12 by 24 feet (30-sheet) and 5 by 11 feet (8-sheet). The largest sign is the one you most often notice along the freeway. With this sign you get the maximum exposure. Because of the different placement requirements for smaller signs, as the sign decreases in size, the market exposed to the message becomes smaller and more centralized.
- 4Find someone to design your billboard. Most advertising agencies have a department that handles outdoor advertising, and the billboard companies themselves have in-house designers to assist you with your ad.
- 5Stay involved during the entire process. Don't let yourself get pushed aside in the design phase, and speak up if you feel that the placement of your billboards is not adequate.
- 6Physically monitor the rotation and placement of your signs. Notify the company immediately if you discover your ads are not being placed as agreed.
- 1
Tips & Warnings
- You can have any ad agency design your billboard, but it's more cost-effective to let the billboard company design your advertising.
- Remember your billboard is not supposed to go into great detail. The function of billboard advertising is primarily to reinforce advertising messages that you've been putting out using other media. Your audience is on the move, so make your message brief and eye-catching.
Read more: How to Advertise on a Billboard | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_16618_advertise-billboard.html#ixzz1K5Pz7RHY
http://ideas.repec.org/p/aer/rpaper/rp_167.html
Despite the prevalence and the many dangers associated with child labour, the phenomenon has received the attention of researchers, academicians and policy makers only recently, and not until International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates showed a large and increasing number of working children worldwide. It is now recognized that in order to combat child labour effectively, policies should be grounded in an informed understanding of its causes, roles and implications. This study uses data from the 1992, 1999 and 2002 Uganda National Household Surveys to explore the extent, determinants and forms of child labour in a poor but growing economy. Of note here is that over this period Uganda introduced universal and compulsory primary education. The study highlights the extent, characteristics and determinants of child labour in Uganda and their evolution over the decade. The theoretical framework is a standard household production model that analyses the allocation of time within the household. Using probit and tobit models, we estimate the determinants of child labour for the individual child worker. The results indicate that child labour is still common, widespread and starts at an early age in Uganda, although it has reduced significantly over the years. Education and formal employment of the household head significantly decrease the probability that a child will work. Household welfare is another indicator of child labour, as poor households are more likely to have working children. A comparison of the three data sets reveals an increase in the percentage of children combining work and study over time. Nevertheless, the likelihood of child labour increases with the age of the child. The findings provide important results for informing policies to reduce, and possibly eliminate, child labour in the country.
uganda child labour stats based on, based on demographic and health surveyhttp://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fipecinfo%2Fproduct%2Fdownload.do%3Ftype%3Ddocument%26id%3D739&rct=j&q=child%20labour%20uganda&ei=4NiuTbygIcmi8QOpuLzhBA&usg=AFQjCNHSs-Yz7lQquW1FQAPM523Ju1F3Mw y 200-01 (
it is estimated that there are about 2.7 million working children in uganda, giving an overall participation rate of 34.2% . more than half of the working children are aged 10-14 . notable is also the fact that 1 third of these children are less than 10 years old, the number of working children aged 5-17 years attending primary school were estimated to be about 1.9 million. more than 300.000 children in this age group had recieved no formal education. the eastern region of uganda is reported to have the highest population of children workers. page 10 of report.
Wednesday, 13 April 2011
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7120484.stm
Ugandan justice 'fails on rape' | ||||
"Violence against women is endemic throughout Uganda," a spokesman said. The 21-year conflict in the north with Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels had exacerbated the problem, he said.
The LRA built a reputation for mutilating their victims and kidnapping thousands of children to serve as fighters, porters and sex slaves. Despite last year's truce between the army and LRA, the region remains insecure and an estimated 1.5m people still remain in displacement camps. A spokesman for Uganda's judiciary dismissed the allegations. 'Insult to injury' Forms of violence that Amnesty reports include rape, child sexual abuse and physical assault - perpetrated especially in camps.
The victims told Amnesty researchers that the abusers included government forces, law enforcement officers, official authorities, local council leaders, spouses and relatives. "The situation remains grim, despite the recent cessation of hostilities," said Godfrey Odongo, Amnesty's researcher in Kampala. "The horrific violence committed during the many years of conflict in northern Uganda continues to aggravate discrimination against women and girls in the area today," he said. The report says police are often reluctant to investigate cases involving soldiers and Ugandan law does not recognise marital rape as a criminal offence. "Adding insult to injury, the justice system operating in northern Uganda is grossly inadequate in ensuring the protection of these women and girls - almost always allowing the perpetrators to walk free," Mr Odongo said. Police sometimes demand money to investigate cases and victims are can be asked to pay costs such as providing lunch for investigating officers or to feed the suspect in detention, the report says. Amnesty called for immediate government action to ensure that justice was served in cases of sexual violence. A judiciary spokesman said the criticisms were not fair. "It's not true that the judiciary has let down the victims of sexual abuse," Elias Kisawuzi told the BBC's Network Africa programme. "Until recently we were adversely affected by the war situation in terms of capacity," he said. But more magistrates and judges had been dispatched to the area since the security situation had improved, he said. | ||||
The situation remains grim, despite the recent cessation of hostilities 
Wednesday, 6 April 2011
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